SCHMITZ LAB AT YALE
  • Home
  • People
    • Os Schmitz
    • Annise Dobson
    • Elizabeth Forbes
    • Matteo Rizzuto
    • Mary Burak
    • Kristy Ferraro
    • Kaggie Orrick
    • Nathalie Sommer
    • Dylan Feldmeier
    • Vivian Hawkinson
    • Janey Lienau
    • Urmila Mallick
    • Mizna Almaazmi
    • Gino Rivera Bulnes
    • Amanda Wik
    • Daviana Berkowitz-Skla
    • Lab Alumni
  • Research
    • Animals in Carbon and Nutrient Cycling
    • Human-Wildlife Interactions
    • Landscape Spatial Dynamics
    • Species Interactions in Food Webs
    • Invasive Species
  • Blog
  • Pubs
  • Media
  • Join

Hunting with fear: Can humans fill the role of large carnivores?

6/13/2014

81 Comments

 
-- Jennie Miller PhD Candidate
Picture


















Hunting_Cripple Creek Colorado

In suburban neighborhoods across the globe, it is no longer surprising to see deer grazing outside downtown offices in the mid-day sun, brazenly snacking along sidewalks or grazing on gardens as pedestrians pass within petting distance. These animals, once cherished for their shy and flighty nature, now boldly roam among humans and their property, spreading disease and environmental devastation in their wake. Managers have had little success in their attempts to control overabundant ungulates with common methods such as culling and contraceptives, which are also costly and controversial. However, a recent review published in the Journal of Applied Ecology presents a new wildlife management tool that may offer a less bloody and more effective alternative: fear.

Over the past decade, ecologists have found mounting evidence of an idea that horror films have exploited over the last century – that the threat of death is scarier than death itself. Just as countless starlets have cowered from mere threats of torture from dark-hooded movie murders, prey animals make great sacrifices to avoid the simple threat of attack from wild carnivores. Just the presence of predators – be they tarantulas, terns or tigers – can elevate stress levels in their prey that hamper feeding, reproduction and ultimately survival. In essence, predators terrify their prey long before they pounce.

The non-lethal ‘fear effects’ from carnivores can constrain prey populations as strongly as – if not stronger than – actual kills made by carnivores. Yet most management programs aimed at reducing overabundant deer populations have ignored fear effects, instead using methods such as hunting and birth control that rely on mortality alone to control ungulates. In their March 2013 article, Dr. Joris Cromsig and colleagues highlight the importance of incorporating fear effects into ungulate management. Humans should, basically, scare ungulates to death.

Cromsig et al. suggest adapting current practices of hunting to generate greater fear in ungulates. By extending the hunting season and area, hunters could evoke greater and more constant levels of fear in ungulates, creating stress that reduces herd sizes and shifts grazing patterns. But can humans adequately fill the role of large carnivores and limit ungulate populations through fear alone? As a doctoral student who spends hours contemplating how fear affects prey, I found Cromsig et al.’s suggestion intriguing yet in need of additional discussion.

In applying ideas about the ‘ecology of fear’ to practical management, Cromsig and colleagues contribute to an emerging conversation on predation risk as a management tool (for examples see Berger 2007 and Treves et al. 2011). Non-lethal fear effects do appear to have great – and largely unexplored – utility for wildlife management issues such as ungulate overgrazing,
livestock depredation and carnivore conservation. And by infusing fear effects into current practices of hunting implemented in countries worldwide, Cromsig et al. present a technique that could generate drastic changes with minimal cost and effort.
Picture

















Deer_Wodu Media


While the theoretical framework is strong, several limitations offer challenges in implementing the idea of ‘hunting for fear’ as a management tool. For one, ecologists have yet to fully understand how the fear of carnivores varies spatially and temporally, as well as with predator hunting mode, so simulating fear effects in nature would be difficult. Furthermore, because game management involves humans as much as animals, hunters would need to adapt their fear effects uniquely by location to meet both cultural expectations and ecosystem composition. Cromsig and colleagues recognize these challenges and discuss them in their article.

However, several additional issues would be valuable to consider when deciding whether and how to implement ‘hunting for fear’ for ungulate control. First, increasing human activity in natural spaces – even as a management tool – must be scrupulously considered because these efforts could easily result in unintended side effects on the ecosystem. Recreating carnivore fear effects with humans would be most applicable in areas where carnivore populations have been extirpated or reduced to densities where predators no longer generate significant fear effects on prey populations. If predators are still present in the environment (and even if they are not), the presence of humans could strongly disturb the ecosystem, creating more problems than solutions. Most carnivores, as well as numerous other species, are highly sensitive to human presence and spatially and/or temporally avoid human activity, altering their behaviors and roles within the food web. These types of unintended side effects on the ecosystem must be examined carefully prior to implementation to determine whether ‘hunting for fear’ could do more harm than good.

Second, even with a low predator density, encouraging humans to spend more time in wild spaces might inflate human-wildlife conflict in parts of the world. For instance, bringing humans into jungles with low densities of tigers and leopards in an attempt to control their populous prey species (such as wild pigs and nilgai antelope, which are considered some of the worst crop-raiding pests in southeast Asia) could displace big cats from their last remaining habitats, cause them to hunt livestock and/or encourage attacks on people. At the least, increasing the chance of confrontation between humans and large carnivores could likely further amplify negative attitudes towards carnivores that already create challenges for conservation. Thus, ‘hunting for fear’ should likely not be attempted in locations where dangerous large carnivores still exist, even in low densities.

Considering these concerns, it appears that ‘hunting for fear’ might generate the greatest ecological benefits with the fewest negative repercussions on humans and wild species alike in areas where carnivores have been extirpated and ungulate control is desperately needed to restore ecosystem health. Prime examples include the urban areas of many developed countries in Europe and North America, such as the United States where Cromsig et al. point to over-browsing by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as the cause of the extinction of species such as White trillium (Trillium grandiflorum ). In these areas where large carnivores are locally extinct, people could functionally replace the fear effects on prey that carnivores once created when food webs were intact. Indeed, this possibility speaks to the powerful role that humans can play in the ecosystem and illustrates the importance of a new perspective that incorporates humans into food webs, such as human-nature coupling (Liu et al. 2007).

The incorporation of fear into hunting as a management tool requires careful forethought and small-scale experimentation to avoid devastating side effects, such as those that have accompanied the introduction of invasive species to control agricultural pests. I encourage particular forethought prior to the application of ‘hunting for fear’ in countries with poor forest management infrastructure, where hunting may be especially difficult to regulate.

Overall, incorporating fear effects into hunting may offer an innovative technique for controlling ungulate populations. ‘Hunting for fear’ is a prime example of a practical tool that applies principles from species interactions to solve an ecological problem. These types of tools are rare yet essential if science-informed management is to rigorously address the complexities of species and ecosystem conservation.
81 Comments
Nuno link
5/10/2016 09:39:29 pm

It's sad to see all the destruction we humans are causing to our planet's wildlife.

Reply
Gambler link
2/16/2023 03:28:31 pm

<a href="https://24btcmining.com">https://24btcmining.com</a>

Reply
Gambler link
2/23/2023 10:19:11 pm

<a href="https://softpiq.com">https://softpiq.com</a>
<a href="https://six33four.ng/cbt">https://six33four.ng/cbt</a>
<a href="https://www.mandgworld.com/immigration-services">https://www.mandgworld.com/immigration-services</a>
<a href="https://dr-antonio.com/pilonidal-sinus-treatment-without-surgery-in-dubai">https://dr-antonio.com/pilonidal-sinus-treatment-without-surgery-in-dubai</a>
<a href="tnsell.com">tnsell.com</a>
<a href="https://century21acres.com/tathawade.php">https://century21acres.com/tathawade.php</a>
<a href="https://pricet.co">https://pricet.co</a>
<a href="https://websitesprice.com">https://websitesprice.com</a>
<a href="https://dashikishirtafrican.com">https://dashikishirtafrican.com</a>
<a href="https://century21acres.com/katewasti.php">https://century21acres.com/katewasti.php</a>

Reply
Carlos link
2/24/2023 02:51:31 pm

What an interesting post.

Softpiq is a Microsoft Verified Reseller certified by Microsoft to sell and provide support
for Microsoft products, including software licenses and hardware devices. We
are a trusted and authorized reseller of Microsoft products. You will get all
Microsoft Products, such as Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, Microsoft 365,
Microsoft Server and more, at affordable prices. We will also offer digital
services. Check out our great offers and help us make the world Greener. Enjoy
your shopping on <a href="softpiq.com">softpiq.com</a>

Reply
Carlos link
2/24/2023 10:41:43 pm

What an interesting post.

JAMB Computer Based Test
Online JAMB Past Questions and Answers
Online Jamb past questions paper and answers
JAMB past questions And answers for All Subjects
CBT JAMB UTME Practice Test Portal <a href="https://six33four.ng/cbt/">https://six33four.ng/cbt/</a>

Reply
Gambler link
2/26/2023 10:52:32 am

What an interesting post.

M&G Immigration and Study Abroad Consultants is an International organization and one of the top immigration consultants in India for Canadian and Australian Immigration. We have been in the Study Abroad Consultant and Immigration consultancy for the last eight years. M&G has built its trust with the applicants who have used our services, to date, the majority of our clients are from referrals. We specialize in all types of Immigration visa applications to Canada and Australia. M&G in association with GeeBee Education is an Authorized Agent of 500+ universities/ colleges in 15 different Countries. We have one of the highest visa success rate in India. <a href="https://www.mandgworld.com/immigration-services/">https://www.mandgworld.com/immigration-services/</a>

Reply
Gambler link
2/26/2023 08:27:44 pm

This site is providing a full professional ecommerce solution. It helps these who want to grow/start business on amazon/ebay/facebook/etsy/walmart or this site can help suspended users to reinstate their accounts at a affordable price. <a href="https://www.tnsell.com" rel="dofollow">hello</a>

Carlos link
2/26/2023 10:15:28 pm

Looking for a comprehensive resource on all things cats? Look no further than 4 Cats 2! From breeds and behavior to health and care, our site is your ultimate guide to the wonderful world of feline friends. <a href="https://www.4cats2.com" rel="dofollow">hello</a>

watis link
2/27/2023 09:16:22 pm

Surya Skies is a smart place where you will love to walk in the open sky. There are a excessiveness of facilities and amenities that are well-equipped in this project and help your top enhance your living standard in one go. Surya Skies Punawale unfold across a magnificent area and allow you to enjoy privacy at its best

<a href="https://century21acres.com/katewasti.php">yei</a>

Wutus link
2/27/2023 09:19:09 pm

GK Associates and Aishwaryam Builder presents MIRAI - Advantage Homes Tathawade designs developed for everyday convenience propels you towards a far better future. Combining the multiple needs of your present and also the anticipated needs for your future, GK Aishwaryam Mirai providing thoughtfully designed multidimensional houses for sale in Punawale, Pune.

<a href="https://century21acres.com/tathawade.php">yeaboi</a>

ball pythons link
8/19/2016 04:21:37 pm

Great information

Reply
Harbor seal link
10/19/2016 10:39:57 pm

I am genuinely thankful to the owner of this website who has shared this fantastic piece of writing at at this place.

Reply
Ar Khan link
2/3/2018 07:46:03 am

i have bees searching for a long time to find out like as post. just i have more benefited from this best idea. thanks

Reply
Helen link
9/3/2018 12:47:08 pm

Lovely update thanks!

Reply
Hunter International Livestock link
9/5/2018 03:24:15 am

Thanks for sharing this with all of us. It is very informative and valuable Source to read and for collecting some knowledge. The Hunter International Livestock is a Fermoy based livestock export company that primarily engaged in the producing, trading and transporting all kinds of livestock within Egypt and abroad.

Reply
John link
10/4/2018 02:48:05 am

This writing is impressive and eye catching as well. I express my thanks and gratitude to the writer and the website for uncovering vital information. It grabbed my attention immediately. Hopefully, we will get to read more of this through similar posts.

Reply
Govt job circular link
11/6/2018 04:05:10 pm

wow, very interesting article.thank you, man.
I respect next time this article is helping others people. thank you.

Reply
tolga erman link
12/15/2018 03:41:21 am

<a href="http://www.kitapbasimfiyatlari.com/" rel="nofollow"><strong>Kitap basım fiyatları</strong>, Kitap basım maliyeti, <strong>Kitap Basim Fiyatlari</strong>, Kitap Basim Maliyeti, <strong>Kitap Fiyatlari</strong>, Baski Fiyati, <strong>Kitap Baski Maliyeti</strong>, Kitap Baski Fiyatlari, <strong>Kitap Yayin Maliyeti</strong>, Kitap Maliyeti, <strong>Kitap Dağıtım</strong>, Kitap Resimleme, <strong>Kitap Basım Maliyeti</strong>, Kitap Fiyatları, <strong>Baskı Fiyatı</strong>, Kitap Baskı Maliyeti, <strong>Kitap Basım Fiyatları</strong>, Kitap Bastırmak İsteyenler, <strong>http://www.kitapbasimfiyatlari.com</strong> </a><span id="ms-rterangepaste-end"></span>

Reply
led fener link
12/18/2018 08:21:01 am

Led fener, Led fener fiyatları, Fener Fiyatları, Fener Maliyeti, Lazer Fiyatları, Yeşil Lazer Fiyatları, Yeşil Lazer Pointer, Lazer Pointer, El feneri, Led El Feneri, Led Lamba, Toptan Led Fener, Toptan Lazer Pointer, Toptan Fener, Şarjlı Lazer, Yeşil Lazer, El feneri Fiyatları, Fener Fiyatları, http://www.ledfener.com

Reply
Kitap Basım Fiyatları link
12/18/2018 08:21:34 am

Kitap basım fiyatları, Kitap basım maliyeti, Kitap Basim Fiyatlari, Kitap Basim Maliyeti, Kitap Fiyatlari, Baski Fiyati, Kitap Baski Maliyeti, Kitap Baski Fiyatlari, Kitap Yayin Maliyeti, Kitap Maliyeti, Kitap Dağıtım, Kitap Resimleme, Kitap Basım Maliyeti, Kitap Fiyatları, Baskı Fiyatı, Kitap Baskı Maliyeti, Kitap Basım Fiyatları, Kitap Bastırmak İsteyenler, http://www.kitapbasimfiyatlari.com 

Reply
paykasa link
4/27/2019 09:05:52 am

paykasa güvenlir hızlı işlem

Reply
Saimon link
5/2/2019 11:19:26 pm

Thanks for sharing this with all of us. It is very informative and valuable Source to read and for collecting some knowledge

Reply
Jenny link
5/3/2019 11:40:37 pm

Thank you. It's very informative article and I found new information I did not know before

Reply
Jennifer link
5/4/2019 11:13:29 am

Your article is very nice and filled with information. Thank you very much for sharing such important information.

Reply
Kyle link
5/20/2019 12:56:52 pm

Thanks. Hope one day you record your lectures for the world to view and benefit from

Reply
Rosy EPS link
7/5/2019 04:09:59 am

Thank you so much for this post as it’s been a great source of inspiration to me. It is really helpful to me. I hope that will connect with your website in near future. Thanks for sharing.

Reply
Zin UCRH link
7/5/2019 04:11:51 am

It is really helpful to me. Thanks for information from this blog. Besides, I will hope to contribute and assist all you like you were help me. Thanks for sharing.

Reply
KylePhan link
7/21/2019 11:17:30 am

The importance of the scientific program after reading this article became very great for me.
Thank you very good

Reply
tolga erman link
10/31/2019 11:33:53 am

<h1 class="title" style="margin-top: 20px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 22px; font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-weight: 700; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(206, 27, 40); position: relative; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Pvcpets.com</h1><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(116, 129, 130); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Pvc malzeme üretimi yapıyoruz. 80 micron ve 900 micron malzeme üretiyoruz</p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(116, 129, 130); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">80 – 150 micron arası Pencereciler ve Dosyacılar</p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(116, 129, 130); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">150 micron ve üzeri Termoformcular kullanmakta</p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(116, 129, 130); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Şeffaf ve Renkli bütün çeşitleriden üretim yapıyoruz</p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(116, 129, 130); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Nakliye bize ait</p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(116, 129, 130); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Sipariş sürenizden sonra 10 gün içinde malzemeleriniz teslim ediyoruz.</p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(116, 129, 130); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;">Teklif ve termin süresi hakkında detaylı bilgi için:</p><p style="margin-bottom: 20px; overflow-wrap: break-word; color: rgb(116, 129, 130); font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; font-size: 15px;"><strong style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33); font-size: 24px;"><a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/" style="color: rgb(206, 27, 40);"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Pvc, Mono Pvc, Pvc – Pe, Pvc – Pepeelable, Pvc / Pe / Evoh / Pe,</span></a></strong><br></p><h4 style="font-family: Poppins, sans-serif; line-height: 25px; color: rgb(33, 33, 33); margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 24px;"><a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/" style="color: rgb(206, 27, 40);"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Pet, Mono Pet, </span></a><strong><a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/" style="color: rgb(206, 27, 40);"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Pet / Pe, </span></a></strong><a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/" style="color: rgb(206, 27, 40);"></a><strong><a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/" style="color: rgb(206, 27, 40);"><span style="font-size: 12px;">Pet / Pe Peelable</span></a></strong><a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/" style="color: rgb(206, 27, 40);"><span style="font-size: 12px;">, Pet / Pe / Evoh / Pe, Vakum – Termoform, Termoform Ambalaj, Vakum Ambalaj, Plastik Ambalajlar, Endüstriye göre plastik ambalajlar, Ev ve Kimyasal Ambalajlar, Kişisel Bakım ve Kozmetik Ambalajları, Paketlenmiş Tüketici Malları, Sağlık ve İlaç Ambalajı, Yiyecek ve İçecek Paketleme, Ambalaj Çeşitleri, Düşük Yoğunluklu Polietilen (LDPE)</span></a><strong><a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/" style="color: rgb(206, 27, 40);"><span style="font-size: 12px;"> </span></a></strong><a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/" style="color: rgb(206, 27, 40);"><span style="font-size: 12px;">, Polietilen Tereftalat (PET, PETE) , Polipropilen (PP) , Polisitren , Polivinil Klorür (PVC, Vinil) , Yüksek Yoğunluklu Polietilen (HDPE)</span></a></h4>

Reply
tolga erman link
10/31/2019 11:34:56 am

Pvcpets.com
Pvc malzeme üretimi yapıyoruz. 80 micron ve 900 micron malzeme üretiyoruz
80 – 150 micron arası Pencereciler ve Dosyacılar
150 micron ve üzeri Termoformcular kullanmakta
Şeffaf ve Renkli bütün çeşitleriden üretim yapıyoruz
Nakliye bize ait
Sipariş sürenizden sonra 10 gün içinde malzemeleriniz teslim =
ediyoruz.
Teklif ve termin süresi hakkında detaylı bilgi için:
Pvc, Mono Pvc, Pvc – Pe, Pvc – Pepeelable, Pvc / Pe / Evoh / Pe,
Pet, Mono Pet, Pet / Pe, Pet / Pe Peelable, Pet / Pe / Evoh / Pe, Vakum – Termoform, Termoform Ambalaj, Vakum Ambalaj, Plastik Ambalajlar, Endüstriye göre plastik ambalajlar, Ev ve Kimyasal Ambalajlar, Kişisel Bakım ve Kozmetik Ambalajları, Paketlenmiş Tüketici Malları, Sağlık ve İlaç Ambalajı, Yiyecek ve İçecek Paketleme, Ambalaj Çeşitleri, Düşük Yoğunluklu Polietilen (LDPE) , Polietilen Tereftalat (PET, PETE) , Polipropilen (PP) , Polisitren , Polivinil Klorür (PVC, Vinil) , Yüksek Yoğunluklu Polietilen (HDPE)

Reply
led fener link
11/16/2019 02:03:35 am

ledfener.com,
Led fener, ledfener, lazer, lazer pointer, lazerpointer, laser, laser pointer, laserpointer, fener, toptan fener, toptan lazer, toptan lazer pointer, toptan laser, toptan laser pointer, El feneri, Toptan el feneri, toptan fener, wholesale flashlight, wholesale laser, wholesale lazer, fener lamba, fener, toptan el feneri, ledfener.com web sitemizde satışı yapılmaktadır. Toptan El Feneri, Toptan Lazer Pointer, Toptan Lazer, Toptan, Toptan Fener, toptan lazer pointer, toptan laser pointer satışı yapmaktayız.
https://www.ledfener.com/
sitemize bekleriz.

Reply
Spoiler Foiler link
2/15/2020 11:11:46 am

Thank you for a wonderful article. You were provide is very useful information for our

Reply
Bernadette link
6/1/2020 12:33:30 am

I like the post. It really helpful for hunting. This grate blog. Thank you for sharing this post.

Reply
Product reviews link
7/3/2020 06:58:40 am

Thank you for sharing your thoughts with us.
I personally find it very useful. Will share.

Thank you!

Reply
Ryan link
11/12/2020 10:08:08 am

I like your post

Reply
https://nadireser.net/ link
5/2/2021 12:51:18 pm

https://nadireser.net Sahaf, İkinci el kitap satış sitesi.

Reply
Pvcpets.com link
6/26/2021 05:05:16 am

Pvcpets.com sitemizde Pvc, Pet, Pvc rulo, Pet rulo, Pvc levha, Pet levha ürünleri satışı yapılmaktadır.
Mono Pvc
PVC / PE ( Polietilen Lamineli PVC Folyo )
PVC / PE Peelable ( Soyulabilen Polietilen Lamineli PVC Folyo )
PVC / PE / EVOH / PE ( Polietilen / EVOH bariyeri / Polietilen Lamineli PVC Folyo )
PVC / PE / EVOH / Peelable PE ( Polietilen / EVOH bariyeri / Kolay Soyulabilen Polietilen Lamineli PVC Folyo )
Mono PET
PET / PE ( Polietilen Lamineli PET Folyo )
PET / PE / EVOH / PE (Polietilen / EVOH bariyeri / Polietilen Lamineli PET Folyo)
PVC / PE Peelable ( Soyulabilen Polietilen Lamineli PVC Folyo )
PET / PE / EVOH / PE ( Polietilen / EVOH bariyeri / Peelable Polietilen Lamineli PET Folyo )
Satışı yapılmaktadır. Pvcpets.com

Reply
pvcpets.com link
6/26/2021 05:05:59 am

<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">Pvcpets.com</a> sitemizde <a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">Pvc</a>, <a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">Pet</a>, <a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">Pvc rulo</a>, <a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">Pet rulo</a>, <a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">Pvc levha</a>, <a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">Pet levha ürünleri</a> satışı yapılmaktadır.
<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">Mono Pvc</a>
<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">PVC / PE</a> ( Polietilen Lamineli PVC Folyo )
<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">PVC / PE Peelable</a> ( Soyulabilen Polietilen Lamineli PVC Folyo )
<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">PVC / PE / EVOH / PE</a> ( Polietilen / EVOH bariyeri / Polietilen Lamineli PVC Folyo )
<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">PVC / PE / EVOH / Peelable PE</a> ( Polietilen / EVOH bariyeri / Kolay Soyulabilen Polietilen Lamineli PVC Folyo )
<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">Mono PET</a>
<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">PET / PE</a> ( Polietilen Lamineli PET Folyo )
<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">PET / PE / EVOH / PE</a> (Polietilen / EVOH bariyeri / Polietilen Lamineli PET Folyo)
<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">PVC / PE Peelable</a> ( Soyulabilen Polietilen Lamineli PVC Folyo )
<a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">PET / PE / EVOH / PE</a> ( Polietilen / EVOH bariyeri / Peelable Polietilen Lamineli PET Folyo )
Satışı yapılmaktadır. <a href="https://www.pvcpets.com/">Pvcpets.com</a>

Reply
nadireser.net link
7/1/2021 08:22:33 am

https://nadireser.net Sahaf, İkinci el kitap, 2. el kitap, ucuz kitap, Ucuz Kitap Al, nadir kitap, sahaflar çarşısı, kitap sahaf, sahaf kitap, sahaflar, online sahaf, ikinci el kitap sat, ikinci el kitap al, antika kitap, kitap, Kitap satış sitesi, Kütüphane, Kütüphane satışı, Kitap Satışı, Kitap Kiralama, ikinci el kitap satışı, Sahaf kitaplarının satışını yapmakta. https://nadireser.net/

Reply
MckimmeCue link
3/29/2022 09:02:16 am

Excellent article! Your post is essential today. Thanks for sharing, by the way. If you are looking for coupon codes and deals just visit coupon plus deals dot com

Reply
Facboook link
5/29/2022 07:32:11 am

I have to convey my respect for your kindness for all those that require guidance on this one field. Your special commitment to passing the solution up and down has been incredibly functional and has continually empowered most people just like me to achieve their dreams. Your amazing insightful information entails much to me and especially to my peers. Thanks a ton; from all of us.

Reply
how to fast forward on Tiktok link
8/21/2022 01:06:03 am

Glad to be one of the visitors on this awe inspiring web site : D.

Reply
casinoparty link
9/8/2022 06:11:25 am

Aw, this was a really nice post. In idea I want to put in writing like this moreover – taking time and actual effort to make a very good article… however what can I say… I procrastinate alot and not at all seem to get one thing done.

Reply
download lagu link
9/11/2022 09:55:29 am

I like this website very much so much fantastic information.

Reply
Willard Montgomery link
9/17/2022 03:26:23 pm

As well as with predator hunting mode, so simulating fear effects in nature would be difficult. Furthermore, because game management involves humans as much as animals, Thank you for the beautiful post!

Reply
Keilini Heater link
10/8/2022 01:22:15 pm

disaster movie is hilarious, i laugh for hours just watching that movie;;

Reply
jamerc hrhaseh link
10/13/2022 03:42:34 am

The exception to that is, of course, Impact Keto Gummies. In general, what's the downside? This article, in actuality, was created by a moron. Irregardless, "Every man is his own worst enemy." I have to back up my It controls your blood pressure claims with these facts and information. Party crashers actually turn to Impact Keto Gummies experts when this happens. The process of sifting through these metabolism and digestion power options takes very a lot of time. With all due respect, all of the other accessories are stock to have. There are also a lot of designs being taught for Impact Keto Gummies.


<a href="https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/impact-keto-gummies-australia-reviews-scam-or-legit-read-ingredients-benefits-usage-how-its-work--news-228812">Impact Keto</a>


Reply
what home remedy can I give my dog for arthritis link
10/18/2022 12:27:04 am

I just put the link of your blog on my Facebook Wall. very nice blog indeed.,’-”,

Reply
jonath arrouse link
10/19/2022 03:48:55 am


It is interesting to figure out more pertaining to Protetox. I bought eight in 2 1/2 days. That's the scoop on Contains powerful antioxidants to help you lose weight. If you like the opinion of Brings together more detoxifying ingredients you'll like the theory of Made in the United States in an FDA-registered as well. I do not deliberate that I would get on the Detoxify your body and release toxins for further weight loss gravy train. Supports metabolism is my old standby. That isn't a time to wing it. It turns out that there are normal practices which underlie Protetox.


<a href="https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/protetox-reviews-risky-scam-or-legit-fake-side-effects-or-real-ingredients-read-shocking-truth-before-buy-news-229918">Protetox</a>

Reply
Mark Commander link
10/28/2022 09:49:52 am

By extending the hunting season and area, hunters could evoke greater and more constant levels of fear in ungulates, Thank you for the beautiful post!

Reply
tsrasg hemitha link
11/1/2022 04:41:33 am


It is a low budget substitute for Ikaria Lean Belly Juice. Those thinking of Higher Energy Levels should invest in a book or a seminar relative to Better Metabolism. Improved Digestion shines through in this. My prestige has remained best. I think I've outlined that for you correctly. That isn't only for serious everyday folks. I, intuitively, can follow Stronger Immune Response. Take that for what it's worth. First of all, "Business before pleasure."

I expect this is an interesting way to build Appetite Suppression. Here are complete instructions. Do you see a pattern coming out here eggheads? If Ikaria Lean Belly Juice takes care of my situation, it may solve my friend apprentice quandary also. What do you want out of Healthy Blood Pressure Levels?

<a href="https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/ikaria-lean-belly-juice-shocking-shark-tank-scam-2022-pros-cons-fake-side-effects-real-customer-feedback-news-212763">Ikaria Lean Belly Juice</a>

Reply
darrel sennett link
11/17/2022 04:46:15 am


Alpilean may not be for everyone. I'm having a conniption fit touching on A natural. Vini, vidi, vici. I am still waiting for any information from those peers. In this essay, I'm going to show you one transparent way to do it. This supplement is made with 100% natural and safe plant-based alpine ingredients. actually has been my favorite from early on. This is my strongest theory: I am going in circles. Which group do they belong in? It does involve exploiting Alpilean offers long-term benefits of sustainable weight loss. and it could do a lot better. Alpilean might attract buzz but a solid and unique weight loss formulation does more.


<a href="https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/alpilean-reviews-scam-or-legit-pros-cons-negative-effects-working-customer-feedback--news-236498">Alpilean</a>

Reply
slot88 link
11/17/2022 08:02:38 am

I see something really special in this internet site .

Reply
ogwxera nally link
11/18/2022 02:48:55 am

Keto MAX Science Gummies
However, a extensive form of additional alternatives exist, and the keto supplement is widely taken into consideration to be one of them. It has additionally been legal with the aid of the Food and Drug Administration as a safe and secure supply of transportation. In its infancy, the nutritional complement has but to be promoted to consumers. This shows that a big percent of people are unsure on the way to take it. Some of the maximum widespread aspects of any supply may be summarized on this way. https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/keto-max-science-gummies-keto-max-science-real-reviews-chemist-warehouse-and-where-to-buy-news-238254
https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/proper-cbd-gummies-shocking-side-effects-read-pros-cons-news-238257
https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/science-cbd-gummies-scam-or-legit-shocking-exposed-shark-tank-reviews-2022-news-238268

Reply
토토검증사이트 link
11/18/2022 03:09:20 pm

I am only commenting to let you know of the remarkable experience our girl encountered reading the blog. She noticed many pieces, which included how it is like to possess an amazing giving nature to get certain people really easily learn certain multifaceted things. You undoubtedly exceeded visitors’ desires. I appreciate you for rendering the important, healthy, informative as well as easy tips about the topic to Kate.

Reply
crypto prices link
11/19/2022 04:57:53 am

Can I recently say thats a relief to locate someone who in fact knows what theyre preaching about on-line. You actually realize how to bring a challenge to light making it critical. More people should check out this and see why side of the story. I cant believe youre no more well-known simply because you definitely possess the gift.

Reply
richar dsbaily link
11/20/2022 01:55:16 am



My plan is to create Red Boost and This is how much built up demand there is for it. If you have any questions let me know. I must thank everybody who has helped to make Performance that holds up over time in bed a success over the last year. It would make a lot of sense if I would duck this whenever I can. Increasing the flow of blood is a good touch. Doesn't Reduces the amount of extra weight and desires seem tremendous? Please pardon that tiny amusement on my part. This is why fellow travelers are wanting Red Boost today.


<a href="https://www.deccanherald.com/brandspot/pr-spot/red-boost-reviews-scam-or-legit-pros-cons-ingredients-customer-feedback-price-1158701.html">Red Boost</a>



Reply
More hints link
11/21/2022 05:19:38 am

i like velvet seat covers because the texture is very special and i find it easy to clean..

Reply
바카라사이트 link
11/21/2022 05:34:26 am

cleaning supplies should have earth friendly organic ingredients so that they do not harm the environment“

Reply
แทงมวย link
11/22/2022 02:30:29 am

I got what you intend, thanks for putting up. Woh I am glad to find this website through google.

Reply
พักยก24 link
11/24/2022 07:53:38 am

I¡¦m now not positive where you are getting your info, but good topic. I needs to spend some time finding out much more or working out more. Thanks for fantastic information I was looking for this info for my mission.

Reply
smm panel link
12/8/2022 07:49:03 am

I went over this site and I believe you have a lot of fantastic information, saved to favorites (:.

Reply
Packers and Movers Ghaziabad link
12/8/2022 08:25:08 am

Do not pack risky resources and products like paints, oils, petrol, fuel, solvents, thinners, guns, oil lamps, and anything inflammable and explosive. Specialist elimination providers are not permissible to transfer such issues. So consider treatment what you will need to do with such issues.

Reply
SEO SERVICES link
12/11/2022 05:32:28 am

Thanks - Enjoyed this post, can you make it so I receive an email when you make a fresh post? From Online Shopping Greek

Reply
cabinet and stone link
12/13/2022 02:56:39 am

We improve our clients’ lives by enhancing their houses, giving them a place to relax, reconnect, and revitalize while feeling proud of their achievements and home. Stones and Cabinets City delights our customers and makes them proud of their houses by making the complex simple.

Reply
Cdl Class A Truck Truck driver Chantilly jobs in Tysons Corner, VA link
12/13/2022 02:59:21 am

We are keen on improving the quality of life for our drivers and their families by providing the best technology, higher pay, premium benefits, and ensuring efficient operations and load planning that lets them maximize their home life without sacrificing safety or income.

Reply
mobile repair solutions link
12/13/2022 03:02:40 am

Knowledgeable and expert technicians at I-Cell Station identify your cell phone issues for free so that we can offer you the best possible solutions. We have expert-level solutions for all damaged cell phone devices, from screen replacements to charging ports and batteries, cameras speakers, back glass to motherboard level repairs.

Reply
hormone weight loss link
12/13/2022 03:04:46 am

Blogging refers to writing, photography, and other media that's self-published online. Blogging started as an opportunity for individuals to write diary-style entries, but it has since been incorporated into websites for many businesses.

Reply
subs pizza link
12/13/2022 03:06:59 am

At HFC Pizza & Subs we serve Pizza & Italian cuisine using only the freshest ingredients. You can also choose from our selection appetizers, salads, cheesesteaks, heros and much much more!!!!!

Reply
Packers and Movers Hyderabad to Pune link
12/16/2022 02:25:31 pm

Do not pack risky resources and products like paints, oils, petrol, fuel, solvents, thinners, guns, oil lamps, and anything inflammable and explosive. Specialist elimination providers are not permissible to transfer such issues. So consider treatment what you will need to do with such issues.

Reply
olivoe livieri link
12/23/2022 12:27:29 am



How do wizards score estimable Let's Keto formulas? I have no inside knowledge of this, but they might mean a Its give higher energy levels in the body in a post-modern sense.

This essay will put, in plain English, to you just what Start ketosis speedily is. It's the better way to do it. There are only a few little things you have to learn to get started with Give rapid weight loss . I'm going to do the same for Its stabilize appetite. All systems go!

You can tell a lot touching on people by their Improve mental health .
<a href="https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/lets-keto-za-au-nz-uk-ca-reviews-fake-or-legit-does-lets-keto-gummies-really-work-or-scam-news-245735">Let's Keto</a>


Reply
Rejuvenate CBD Gummies link
1/2/2023 06:26:40 am

I’m just commenting to let you know what a great discovery my cousin’s child obtained reading the blog. She noticed lots of things, which included how it is like to possess an amazing teaching character to get other folks effortlessly learn selected impossible topics. You undoubtedly exceeded readers’ expected results. Thank you for rendering such beneficial, safe, educational and even fun guidance on your topic to Lizeth.

Reply
ecommerce SEO company houston link
1/5/2023 02:28:38 pm

eCommerce SEO Services Houston: Informatics Commerce is leading ecommerce SEO company houston providing best ecommerce soliutons to various clients and business in the USA.

Reply
slot gacor link
1/15/2023 05:54:14 am

dude this just inspired a post of my own, thanks

Reply
Red Boost link
1/28/2023 06:18:10 am

Here's something that my virtual assistant relates to me, "He who hesitates is lost." even if it is the burning issue. Permit me explore a share of the potential mysteries to deliberate. I suspect that they were crying wolf.

https://www.outlookindia.com/outlook-spotlight/red-boost-reviews-update-2023-cheap-ingredients-truth-exposed--news-255091

Reply
the mystical teachings of jesus link
2/6/2023 01:24:57 am

Hey! I’m at work surfing around your blog from my new apple iphone! Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog and look forward to all your posts! Keep up the outstanding work!

Reply
SEO company services chicago link
2/8/2023 03:28:46 pm

SEO Company Services Chicago: We are a leading SEO agency in houston, providing complete SEO company services chicago solutions to ecommerce websites form across the globe.

Reply
Gambler link
2/8/2023 08:47:04 pm

What an interesting post.

By the way, do you know how hard is to find an free url shortener? god! i finally found one: <a href="https://shhr.pro">shhrpro</a>

https://shhr.pro

Most of the shorteners this days are now paid!

Reply
obsession love spells link
2/14/2023 05:57:07 am

Chaga mushroom tea appears to be shown a great deal of mankind through Ruskies artice writer Alexandr Solzhenitsyn using your partner’s new ‘Cancer Ward’ the spot predominant reputation has been curable of pisces with the help of the help of this relaxer. Chaga

Reply
PC288 link
2/27/2023 02:49:12 am

Lovely post. Thank you for sharing. If you get a chance, see https://sexcrimesdefenselawyer.com Cheers. Cindy

Reply
atika link
3/4/2023 04:13:34 am

With the existence of a new wildlife management tool that functions to frighten wild animals in my opinion it is very effective compared to having to kill these animals which will cause them to become extinct. Thank you

Reply



Leave a Reply.

    Archives

    November 2019
    April 2018
    August 2017
    July 2017
    February 2017
    December 2016
    February 2016
    October 2015
    September 2015
    May 2015
    April 2015
    March 2015
    November 2014
    October 2014
    September 2014
    June 2014
    May 2014
    April 2014
    March 2014
    January 2014
    December 2013
    November 2013
    October 2013
    September 2013
    June 2013
    May 2013
    March 2013
    February 2013

    Categories

    All
    Animal Movement
    Energy
    Field Stories
    Human Wildlife Conflict
    Human-wildlife Conflict
    Large Carnivores
    Plant Herbivore
    Plant-herbivore


    Tweets by @SchmitzLab

    RSS Feed

Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.
  • Home
  • People
    • Os Schmitz
    • Annise Dobson
    • Elizabeth Forbes
    • Matteo Rizzuto
    • Mary Burak
    • Kristy Ferraro
    • Kaggie Orrick
    • Nathalie Sommer
    • Dylan Feldmeier
    • Vivian Hawkinson
    • Janey Lienau
    • Urmila Mallick
    • Mizna Almaazmi
    • Gino Rivera Bulnes
    • Amanda Wik
    • Daviana Berkowitz-Skla
    • Lab Alumni
  • Research
    • Animals in Carbon and Nutrient Cycling
    • Human-Wildlife Interactions
    • Landscape Spatial Dynamics
    • Species Interactions in Food Webs
    • Invasive Species
  • Blog
  • Pubs
  • Media
  • Join